• 10% Calcium Gluconate 10-20 mL IV over 2-5 min (or 10% Calcium Chloride 5-10 mL central/arrest). Onset: 1-3 min, duration: 30-60 min.
• Regular Insulin 10 units IV + D50W 50 mL (25g) over 5 min.
• Salbutamol 10-20 mg nebulized.
• 7.5% NaHCO₃ 50-100 mL (44.6-89.2 mEq) [TH] or 8.4% NaHCO₃ 50-100 mEq (if pH < 7.20).
• Furosemide 40-80 mg IV.
• Lokelma (SZC) 10g PO TID (Avoid Kayexalate/SPS due to colonic necrosis).
• Emergent Hemodialysis if refractory.
Give 1 - 2 ampules (50 - 100 mL = 44.6 - 89.2 mEq of 7.5% NaHCO₃) slow IV push over 2 - 5 min for acute severe instability.
Add 3.5 ampules (175 mL = 156 mEq) of 7.5% NaHCO₃ into 825-850 mL D5W (or 2 ampules in 400-500 mL D5W) to yield ~150 mEq/L. Infuse at 100 - 250 mL/hr.
CO₂ crosses BBB rapidly while HCO₃⁻ crosses slowly, worsening intracellular acidosis if hypoventilating.
Alkalinization drives K⁺ rapidly into cells, precipitating fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Keep K⁺ > 4.0.
Higher pH increases calcium binding to albumin, sharply dropping ionized Ca²⁺ and depressing cardiac inotropy.
7.5% (1,785 mOsm/L) and 8.4% (2,000 mOsm/L) carry heavy sodium loads; can cause pulmonary edema.
Alkalemia shifts the oxyhemoglobin curve to the left (decreases P50), impairing oxygen unloading to ischemic tissues.
Enter Direct Ionized Calcium or Total Calcium to see real-time clinical protocol.
Enter Serum Magnesium to calculate infusion rate and dosing.
Enter PO₄ to evaluate precipitation gate and weight-adjusted dose.
Enter Na⁺, Cl⁻, and HCO₃⁻ to calculate Delta-Delta ratio.
Enter Urine Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻ to calculate Urine Anion Gap.
Requires U_Na, S_Na, U_Cr, S_Cr
Requires U_Urea, S_Urea, U_Cr, S_Cr
Requires U_Urate, S_Urate, U_Cr, S_Cr
Requires U_Ca, S_Ca, U_Cr, S_Cr
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT & CRITICAL CARE CLINICAL PROTOCOL
⚡ Electrolyte & Acid-Base Clinical Management Worksheet
| Target Condition | Doctor's Order / Solution Recipe | Infusion Rate / Dosing | Monitoring |
|---|
| Electrolyte / Gas | Measured Lab | Calculated Metric / Deficit | Clinical Interpretation |
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